Plastic pollution is a major global issue but grasping the scale of the problem can be challenging. In a recent study published in Scientific Reports, researchers from the University of Tsukuba developed a novel method for mapping plastic litter around rivers.
As the human population grows, so too does the amount of waste produced. Plastic can now be found in every environment on Earth. Riparian environments can be hotspots for pollution as rivers collect and transport waste along their course. In rivers, plastic waste can reduce water quality, increase flood risk, and harm plant and animal species that use the river and surrounding habitats.
A first step in addressing the litter problem is understanding where plastic is accumulating.
“Many techniques have been tested to map litter in different environments but these are often complex or expensive,” says lead author of the study, Professor Fatwa Ramdani. “We set out to find a simpler, cost-effective means of mapping pollution in riparian systems that can be broadly applied.”
To do this, the researchers used a combination of very high resolution optical and thermal images, collected using low-flying drones. The drones were used to detect plastic pollution along the Brantas River, Malang City, in Indonesia. A machine learning approach was then used to process the images. Three different machine learning classifiers were tested to see which could most accurately recognize different types of objects, including plastics.
“Using these methods, we found that a combination of optical and thermal images produced the most accurate estimates of the amounts of plastic litter,” explains Professor Ramdani. “On their own, neither image type produced particularly accurate results.”
The researchers also found that one classification method—XGBoost—performed better than the others tested. Some challenges still remain with this method. For example, whether plastic was floating on the surface or submerged in the water affected the results to some extent.
Nevertheless, this novel method is a helpful step toward identifying pollution hotspots. Understanding where plastics are accumulating in the environment can help target clean-up efforts and may provide insights into the sources of pollution.
More information:
Fatwa Ramdani et al, Mapping riparian zone macro litter abundance using combination of optical and thermal sensor, Scientific Reports (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09974-4
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University of Tsukuba
Citation:
Drones and machine learning reveal the scale of plastic pollution in river habitats (2022, May 12)
